Toast & Grind Spices: In a small pan, lightly toast fennel seeds for 1–2 minutes. Grind if desired.
Marinate Fish: Toss fish with 1 tbsp olive oil, a pinch of salt, and half of the smoked paprika and chili. Set aside 5–10 minutes.
Cook Pangrattato: Heat 2 tbsp olive oil in a small pan. Add breadcrumbs and pinch of salt, toasting until golden and crispy. Set aside.
Cook Pasta: Boil pasta in salted water until al dente. Reserve ½ cup pasta water, then drain.
Build Ragu: In a large sauté pan, heat 1 tbsp olive oil. Sauté onion and garlic until translucent. Add tomato paste, passata, toasted fennel seeds, smoked paprika, and remaining chili. Simmer gently 5–7 minutes.
Add Fish: Fold in marinated fish, simmering gently until just cooked through (5–7 minutes). Adjust salt and pepper.
Combine Pasta & Ragu: Toss pasta with fish ragu. Add reserved pasta water as needed for smooth sauce coating.
Plate & Finish: Serve pasta topped with pangrattato, fresh parsley or basil, and lemon wedges. Optional drizzle of extra olive oil for shine.